Major Tests for Diagnosing Prostate Cancer

Diagnosing prostate cancer quickly is vital so that treatment can start as early as possible. First of all, you need to be aware of certain symptoms of prostate cancer. In the early stages, the gland becomes large and presses against the urethra, thereby causing urinary problems. Sufferers experience a variety of symptoms like inability to empty the bladder fully, frequent urges to urinate, slow urination etc.

There are other less common symptoms like erectile dysfunction, blood traces in urine or semen etc. If the cancer spreads to other regions outside of prostate gland, the patient may suffer from weight loss and bone pain. However, all the above symptoms may also occur in the case of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia). So you have to first make sure whether you are suffering from prostate cancer or BPH. This can be confirmed by undergoing various tests for diagnosing prostate cancer.


Major Tests for Diagnosing Prostate Cancer:

There are variety of tests available for diagnosing prostate cancer. The patient does not have to undergo all of these tests. The doctor may advise a couple of tests and explain to you what each is meant for.

1. PSA Test - PSA stands for Prostate Specific Antigen. This is a kind of blood test which looks for high levels of a protein enzyme produced by the prostate gland. People with prostate cancer will usually have abnormally high levels of this enzyme in their blood stream. PSA is one of the best ways for diagnosing prostate cancer as it is inexpensive and convenient when compared to other tests.

Note that high levels of PSA do not automatically mean that a person in suffering from prostate cancer. There can be other factors responsible for increase in PSA levels. So a person has to undergo further tests to confirm.

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2. Ultrasound - This is a very good method for diagnosing prostate cancer. In this method, a tiny ultrasound device is inserted into the back passage. The device produces high frequency sound waves which bounce off organs and produce a clear image of the prostate gland. People may experience a little amount of discomfort during the prostate ultrasound examination. They have to wear loose-fitting clothes, or preferably a gown during the test.

3. Biopsy - This is a very accurate way of diagnosing prostate cancer. In biopsy, a tiny sample of tissue is taken from the body through a needle. This sample is then examined in detail under a microscope. To make the whole procedure painless, local anaesthetic is given to the patient in the rectum region.

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